Table of Contents

Science: the good, the bad, the ugly

Science builds upon science: Publications as building blocks

Most scientists are honest and hard-working

Scientists are biased

Scientific studies often not reproducible

Errors in statistics and models

Sloppy research

Science misconduct

Articles:

Publish or Perish?

Why do scientists make errors, intentionally via alsification…

Publish or Perish cartoon “Welcome to the team. Remember if you follow the university motto, you’ll do fine….

Definition of Research Misconduct

Self plagiarism - text recycling - does not fall under definition

Research misconduct does not equal honest errors or differences of opinion

Office of Research Integrity

Research Misconduct: Plagiarism

Cartoon: I need you to do a presentation on the topic of “plagiarism”. You dont have any time for it, so just steal something off the internet

Plagiarism in a review paper

Used text from at least 10 source papers. Author has 343 publications (113 reviews) - paper was retracted

Another example of plagiarism

At least 43 source documents were used that were NOT listed in the Referenes. Last author of this paper was the Senior Associate Editor at this journal. Paper was retracted.

Plagiarism in Science Paper

Personal project:

Exceptions for definitions

Talking about complete paragraphs just copy pasted

Research falsification #1: Andrew Wakefield

Claimed 12 in a row kids with measles vaccination had immediate autistic issues.

Paper retracted

Falsified the results of colonoscopy to say colitis

This is the source of the whole anti-vaccine movement

Research falsification #2: Haruko Obokata

Claimed treating any cell with acid, can turn them back into stem cells.

Paper in nature

Immediately people started talking about this

Retracted within months

Found photos flipped and rotated

She was allowed to work under video, she was never able to replicate her research,

Her mentor hanged himself in a stairway of the institute, eventhough he was never suspected of involvement of the misconduct.

Research Fabrication: Diederik Stapel

“Coping with Chaos: How disordered contexts promote stereotyping and discrimination”

Most of data fabricated.

Site: RetractionWatch - he is #4

Inappropriate image duplication

“The prevalence of Inappropriate Image Duplication in Biomedical Research Publications”

Found:

Biology research images should be unique

Type 1: Simple image duplication

“These look very similar to me”. Stops short of an accusation

Type 2: repositioned image duplication

Type 3: Image Alteration

Even worse, image photoshopped

All examples found, the papers got retracted.

Spot the overlapping panels

Example of an overlap - several in the slide

30 panels

A dozen overlaps

Is all science corrupt? Most papers are OK!

Weird excuses

Articles:

Predatory Publishers

Predatory publishers

Contents

Examples:

Hard for lay person to know which ones are red flagged. But an example is time between submission and published:

You can not republish after publishing in a predator. You can only publish once.

Predatory Conferences

SciGen to expose fake conferences / journals

Decoupling IPv4 from 802.11B in Reinforcement Learning

Fake Peer Reviews and Affiliations

South Korean plant compound research faked email addressed so he could review his own studies

Peer reviewed scientific journals with people with impressive affiliations, but they never worked at their institutions, or the institutions didnt exist

Examples of fakery: